Donor anonymity has been another key focus of behavioural research as both a barrier and motivation for donation. As a procedural method but also as an economic incentivising instrument for participation. Financial remuneration has also been a core focus of gamete donation research. Firstly, “altruism”-both as an ideological imperative and as a clinical and regulatory practice-appears almost universally throughout the research literature. Gamete donation research across a range of scientific disciplines has explored and identified key globally recurring motivations for donation. In a population of non-donors, we asked over 1000 online survey respondents: “ Why haven’t you donated your sperm/eggs?.” Our study seeks to identify recurring motivational themes and barriers to gamete donation in a non-donor population and also to explore any sex differences associated with such. As such, our current study deliberately targets non-donors, inviting them to respond openly(in writing) to the broader question of why they have not yet donated. Behavioural research can be helpful in this effort by exploring the non-donor population’s preferences and behaviour. While such studies inform an understanding of both positive and negative correlates of donation behaviour and its possible drivers, they provide little insight into the preferences, experiences, understanding, and decision processes of those yet to donate.Īrguably, the most effective method for increasing gamete donation is to secure new donors. However, previous research has almost exclusively focused on donors’ and their ex-post rationalisation of their decision-making process. Across this time, many social science disciplines have sought to understand what motivates men and women to donate their gametes to other individuals, as well as to commercial ART organisations and science. Since the advent of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) in the late twentieth century, the need for gametes has grown exponentially. The demand for donated gametes for use in assisted reproductive medicine outstrips supply in most countries. That so many of our study participants report in-principal willingness for future participation in gamete donation speaks to the need for increased research on understanding non-donor population preferences, motivations, and behaviours. However, compared to women, men are more likely to validate their non-donation based on sociocultural or social norms (6% difference p = 0.000) or religion (1.7% difference p = 0.030). We also find that women are more likely than men to justify their non-donation based on their reproductive history (21.3% difference p = 0.000) or kin selection and inclusive fitness (5.7% difference p = 0.008). We find that, on average, women are more conditionally willing (8.2% difference p = 0.008) to participate in gamete donation than men. Utilising the unique open form responses of a large sample ( n = 1035) of online survey respondents, we examine the reasons participants cite when asked: “ Why haven’t you donated your sperm/eggs?.” We categorise these responses into four core themes ( conditional willingness, barriers, unconsidered, and conscientious objector) and eleven lower-order themes. However, such studies may not provide the necessary insight into why the majority of people do not donate. Research has explored self-selected populations of gamete donors and their ex-post rationalisations of why they chose to donate. The global under-supply of sperm and oocyte donors is a serious concern for assisted reproductive medicine.
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